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We examined teachers’ development of adaptive expertise of mathematics language routines (MLRs) as they engaged in Studio Day professional learning focused on the MLR Compare and Connect. We collected video data from pre- and post-Studio Day meetings, as well as debriefs and their lesson enactments. We analyzed the data using three dimensions of adaptive expertise: flexibility, deeper level of understanding, and deliberate practice. We share a case study of a teacher exhibiting dimensions of adaptive expertise during the Studio Day Cycle through the use of a gallery walk. The teacher’s enactment of the MLR Compare and Connect provides an image of a teacher’s adaptive expertise of this MLR and helps us understand these MLRs and how teachers use and make sense of them in their instruction. 

Our work uses Studio Day Cycles (Von Esch & Kavanagh, 2018) focused on the integration and development of mathematics language routines (MLRs; Zweirs et al., 2017). Our conceptual framework draws on two key ideas: communities of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991) and teacher communities (CoP; Grossman et al., 2001). We discuss each and how they interact with each other. Therefore, our research question was: How, if at all, did a Studio Day Cycle establish a teacher learning community to support teachers to engage in reflection around use of the MLRs? 

Engaging teachers in reflective practices is recognized as a crucial component of their adaptive expertise development. Drawing on this perspective of adaptive expertise development, we qualitatively examined how the design and structure of a Studio Day professional learning cycle afforded opportunities for reflective practice for secondary in-service mathematics teachers. We found that small group reflections, immediate reflections-on-action, and the use of videos afforded notable instances of reflective practices throughout the Studio Day Cycle that supported teachers’ development of adaptive expertise of equity-based, language-responsive teaching. We suggest that Studio Day Cycles are one avenue to better support in-service teachers’ development of adaptive expertise of mathematics language routines and multilingual learner core practices. 

Environmental adaptation and species divergence often involve suites of co-evolving traits. Pigmentation in insects presents a variable, adaptive, and well-characterized class of phenotypes for which correlations with multiple other traits have been demonstrated. In Drosophila, the pigmentation genes ebony and tan have pleiotropic effects on flies’ response to light, creating the potential for correlated evolution of pigmentation and vision. Here we investigate differences in light preference within and between two sister species, Drosophila americana and D. novamexicana, which differ in pigmentation in part because of evolution at ebony and tan, and occupy environments that differ in many variables including solar radiation. We hypothesized that lighter pigmentation would be correlated with a greater preference for environmental light, and tested this hypothesis using a habitat choice experiment. In a first set of experiments, using males of D. novamexicana line N14 and D. americana line A00, the light-bodied D. novamexicana was found slightly but significantly more often than D. americana in the light habitat. A second experiment, which included additional lines and females as well as males, failed to find any significant difference between D. novamexicana-N14 and D. americana-A00. Additionally, the other dark line of D. americana (A04) was found in the light habitat more often than the light-bodied D. novamexicana-N14, in contrast to our predictions. However, the lightest line of D. americana, A01, was found substantially and significantly more often in the light habitat than the two darker lines of D. americana, thus providing partial support for our hypothesis. Finally, across all four lines, females were found more often in the light habitat than their more darkly-pigmented male counterparts. Additional replication is needed to corroborate these findings and evaluate conflicting results, with the consistent effect of sex within and between species providing an especially intriguing avenue for further research. 

Do all languages convey semantic knowledge in the same way? If language simply mirrors the structure of the world, the answer should be a qualified “yes”. If, however, languages impose structure as much as reflecting it, then even ostensibly the “same” word in different languages may mean quite different things. We provide a first pass at a large-scale quantification of cross-linguistic semantic alignment of approximately 1000 meanings in 55 languages. We find that the translation equivalents in some domains (e.g., Time, Quantity, and Kinship) exhibit high alignment across languages while the structure of other domains (e.g., Politics, Food, Emotions, and Animals) exhibits substantial crosslinguistic variability. Our measure of semantic alignment correlates with known phylogenetic distances between languages: more phylogenetically distant languages have less semantic alignment. We also find semantic alignment to correlate with cultural distances between societies speaking the languages, suggesting a rich co-adaptation of language and culture even in domains of experience that appear most constrained by the natural world. 

This paper presents a search for massive, charged, long-lived particles with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using an integrated luminosity of $$140~fb^{−1}$$ of proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$~TeV. These particles are expected to move significantly slower than the speed of light. In this paper, two signal regions provide complementary sensitivity. In one region, events are selected with at least one charged-particle track with high transverse momentum, large specific ionisation measured in the pixel detector, and time of flight to the hadronic calorimeter inconsistent with the speed of light. In the other region, events are selected with at least two tracks of opposite charge which both have a high transverse momentum and an anomalously large specific ionisation. The search is sensitive to particles with lifetimes greater than about 3 ns with masses ranging from 200 GeV to 3 TeV. The results are interpreted to set constraints on the supersymmetric pair production of long-lived R-hadrons, charginos and staus, with mass limits extending beyond those from previous searches in broad ranges of lifetime